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1996年在职人员申请硕士研究生考试英语试题(考研)
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1996年在职人员申请硕士研究生考试英语试题
ENGLISH QUALIFYING TEST FOR MASTER DEGREE APPLICANTS（96）
Part I Listening Comprehension(Omitted)
Part II Vocabulary(10 minutes,10 points)
Directions:In each question,decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked.Mark out your choice on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.
It was felt that he lacked the _____to pursue a difficult task to the very end.
A.petition
B.engagement
C.commitment
D.qualification
He does nothing that _____ the interests of the collective.
A.runs for
B.runs against
C.runs over
D.runs into
Though he views himself as a realist,Cetron says that his findings make him very _____ about future.
A.optimistic
B.sympathetic
C.objective
D.precautious
In such a changing and complex society,formerly simple solutions to informational needs become _____ .
A.confusing
B.acceptable
C.complicated
D.feasible
When it comes to teaching _____ , many parents believe that if they love their children and treat them kindly, the kids will know how to behave.
A.mentality
B.morality
C.majesty
D.majority
Exercise seems to benefit the brain power of healthy and sick,young and old _____ .
A.alike
B.alive
C.together
D.included
History has demonstrated that countries with different social systems and ideologies can join hands in meeting the common challenges to human _____and development.
A.evolution
B.survival
C.rivalry
D.dignity
Although sports _____ the household,Joe drew the line when they interfered with family traditions and routine.
A.overwhelmed
B.affected
C.dominated
D.influenced
Shopping for a new swimsuit is one of my least _____ activities, because I almost always get salesclerk with a sick sense of humor.
A.favorable
B.popular
C.favorite
D.beneficial
It is during summer breaks that we first taste the satisfaction of work that _____ into hard currency.
A.transfers
B.translates
C.transmits
D.transplants
Skilled technicians and advanced technologies enable us to build uncompromised quality into all our cars, because our first _____ is bringing you pleasure for years to come.
A.prestige
B.benefit
C.privilege
D.priority
With keen _____ ,convincing facts and a global angle, Epstein vividly recorded a brilliant page of the great Chinese revolution.
A.inspection
B.intellectual
C.intention
D.insight
Telecommunication developments enable the sending of messages _____ television, radio and very shortly,electronic mail to bombard people with many messages.
A.via
B.amid
C.past
D.across
So-called intelligent behavior demands memory, remembering being a primary _____ for reasoning.
A.resource
B.resolution
C.requirement
D.response
Women's central role in managing natural resources and protecting the environment has been overlooked more often than it has been _____ .
A.acknowledged
B.emphasized
C.memorized
D.associated
Technology has _____ the sharing of information and the storage and delivery of information,thus making more information available to more people.
A.formulated
B.furnished
C.functioned
D.facilitated
The new government _____ the foreign-owned oil fields one after another.
A.took over
B.took out
C.took off
D.took on
One study found that job applicants who make more eye contact are _____ as more alert, dependable,confident and responsible.
A.referred
B.perceived
C.recommended
D.presumed
Many proverbs _____ in ancient Greece and Rome and in medieval Europe, spreading from country to country in Latin texts.
A.designated
B.descended
C.originated
D.created
To give you a general idea of our products,we enclose the catalogues showing various products handled by us with detailed _____ and means of packing.
A.specimens
B.inspections
C.paraphrases
D.specifications
Part III Reading Comprehension (50 minutes,30points)
Directions:There are 6 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A, B,C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.
Questions 36～40 are based on the following passage.
A proven method for effective textbook reading is the SQ3R method developed by Francis Robinson.The first step is to survey (the S step) the chapter by reading the title,introduction, section headings, summary, and by studying any graphs, tables, illustrations or charts. The purpose of this step is to get an overview of the chapter so that you will know before you read what it will be about. In the second step (the Q step), for each section you ask yourself questions such as “What do I already know about this topic?” and “What do I want to know?” In this step you also take the section heading and turn it into a question.This step gives you a purpose for reading the section.The third step (the first of the 3 R's) is to read to find the answer to your questions. Then at the end of each section, before going on to the next section, you recite (the second of the 3 R's)the answers to the questions that you formed in the question step. When you recite you should say the information you want to learn out loud in your own words. The fifth step is done after you have completed steps 2,3 and 4 for each section. You review (the last of the 3 R's) the entire chapter. The review is done much as the survey was in the first step. As you review, hold a mental conversation with yourself as you recite the information you selected as important to learn.The mental conversation could take the form of asking and answering the questions formed from the headings or reading the summary, which lists the main ideas in the chapter, and trying to fill in the details for each main idea.
The passage implies that the SQ3R method _____ .
A.needs to be proven
B.leaves much to be desired
C.turns out to be practicable
D.cannot be used by every reader
The SQ3R method consists of _____ steps.
A.three
B.four
C.five
D.seven
According to the passage, the first step helps the readers _____ .
A.read the first several paragraphs
B.scan the whole chapter
C.study the graphs
D.get the theme of the chapter
Which of the following is the fourth step?
A.To question yourself.
B.To read for information.
C.To utter your answers.
D.To draw a conclusion.
Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A.In the last step,you should remember all the information.
B.When you finish the last step, you will get both the main idea and the details.
C.The mental conversation involves answering the questions asked by the author.
D.While you are holding a mental conversation you select the important information.
Questions 41～45 are based on the following passage.
Though it is mere 1 to 3 percent of the population, the upper class possesses at least 25 percent of the nations wealth. This class has two segments: upperupper and lowerupper.Basically, the upperupper class is the “old rich”—families that have been wealthy for several generations and aristocracy of birth and wealth. Their names are in the Social Register,a listing of acceptable members of high society. A few are known across the nation, such as the Rockfellers,Roosevelts, and Vanderbilts. Most are not visible to the general public. They live in grand seclusion (深居简出), drawing their income from the investment of their inherited wealth.In contrast, the lower upper class is the “new rich”.Although they may be wealthier than some of the old rich,the new rich have hustled (急于做) to make their money like everybody else beneath their class. Thus their prestige is generally lower than that of the old rich, who have not found it necessary to lift a finger to make their money, and who tend to look down upon the new rich.
However its wealth is acquired, the upper class is very,very rich. They have enough money and leisure time to cultivate an interest in the arts and to collect rare books, painting, and sculpture. They generally live in exclusive areas, belong to exclusive social clubs, communicate with each other, and marry their own kind—all of which keeps them so distant from the masses that they have been called the outofsight class. More than any other class,they tend to be conscious of being members of a class.They also command an enormous amount of power and influence here and abroad, as they hold many top government positions,run the Council on Foreign Relations, and control multinational corporations. Their actions affect the lives of millions.
All the following statements are true except that _____
A.the upper upper class is of aristocratic origin
B.the “old rich” enjoy higher prestige than the “new rich”
C.the “old rich” isolate themselves and lead a lonely life
D.the upper class owns at least a quarter of the country's wealth
The “old rich” get richer _____ .
A.through the Social Register
B.through their reputation
C.by investing their inherited wealth
D.by collecting paintings and sculptures
The reason why the “old rich” look down upon the “new rich” is that _____ .
A.the former are wealthier than the latter
B.the latter sweat themselves to make money
C.the “new rich”have no interest in arts
D.the “old rich” are conscious of being members of the upper class
The upper class is also called the outofsight class because _____ .
A.they keep away from the general public
B.they spend most of their time abroad
C.they move frequently from place to place
D.they don't communicate with any people
We can learn from the passage that _____
A.the upper class is powerful and influential
B.the upper class collects rare books to make money
C.the upper class holds all top government positions
D.the “old rich” makes much more money than the “new rich”
Questions 46～50 are based on the following passage.
What, besides children, connects mothers around the world and across the seas of time? It's chicken soup, one prominent American food expert says.
From Russian villages to Africa and Asia, chicken soup has been the remedy for those weak in body and spirit.Mothers passed their knowledge on to ancient writers of Greece, China and Rome, and even 12th century philosopher and physician Moses Maimonides extolled (赞美) its virtues.
Among the ancients, Aristotle thought poultry should stand in higher estimation than fourlegged animals because the air is less dense than the earth. Chickens got another boost (吹捧) in the Book of Genesis, where it is written that birds and fish were created on the fifth day, a day before fourlegged animals.
But according to Mimi Sheraton, who has spent much of the past three years exploring the world of chicken soup,much of the reason for chicken's real or imagined curative (治愈的) powers comes from its color.
Her new book, “The Whole World Loves Chicken Soup”, looks at the beloved and mysterious brew, with dozens of recipes from around the world. Throughout the ages,she said, “there has been a lot of feeling that whitecolored foods are easier to eat for the weakwomen and the ill.”
In addition,“soups, or anything for that matter eaten with a spoon” are considered “comfort foods,” Sheraton said.
“I love soup and love making soup and as I was collecting recipes I began to see this as an international dish…It has a universal mystique as something curative, a strength builder,” Sheraton said from her New York home.
Her book treats the oldest remedy as if it was brand new.
The National Broiler Council, the trade group representing the chicken industry, reported that 51 per cent of the people it surveyed said they bought chicken because it was healthier, 50 per cent said it was versatile, 41 per cent said it was economical and 46 per cent said it was low in fat.
Which of the following can be the best title of the passage?
A.Prominent American Foods
B.History of the Chicken Soup
C.Chicken Soup Recipes
D.Chicken Soup, a Universal Cureall
Since ancient times, the value of chicken soup _____ .
A.has been over estimated
B.has been widely acknowledged
C.has been appreciated only by philosophers
D.has been known only to mothers
Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A.Chicken soup has a very long history.
B.Since ancient times, chicken soup has been a home remedy.
C.Poultry usually stands higher than four legged animals.
D.Four legged animals were said to be created on the sixth day.
Chicken soup has curative powers mainly for _____ according to Sheraton.
A.its color
B.its taste
C.its flavor
D.its recipe
It can be said from the survey that chicken is _____ .
A.a main dish B.a popular food
C.cheaper than any other food D.all of the above
Questions 51～55 are based on the following passage.
Throughout history man has changed his physical environment in order to improve his way of life.
With the tools of technology he has altered many physical features of the earth. He has transformed woodlands into farmland, and made lakes and reservoirs out of rivers for irrigation purposes or hydroelectric power. Man has also modified the face of the earth by draining marshes and cutting through mountains to build roads and railways.
However,man's changes to the physical environment have not always had beneficial results. Today, pollution of the air and water is an increasing danger to the health of the planet. Each day thousands of tons of gases come out of the exhausts of motor vehicles; smoke from factories pollutes the air of industrialized areas and the surrounding areas of countryside. The air in cities is becoming increasingly unhealthy.
The pollution of water is equally harmful. In the sea,pollution from oil is increasing and is killing enormous numbers of algae (水藻), fish and birds. The whole ecological balance of the sea is being changed. The same problem exists in rivers. Industrial wastes have already made many rivers lifeless.
Conservationists believe that it is now necessary for man to limit the growth of technology in order to survive on earth.
Man has changed his physical environment with a view to _____ .
A.altering the physical features of the earth
B.modifying the face of the planet
C.improving his surroundings
D.bettering his way of life
According to the passage, pollution of the air and water is caused by _____ .
A.thousands of tons of gases coming out of the exhausts of motor vehicles
B.the changes of the environment that technology has brought to man
C.the increasing amount of oil that has been produced
D.industrial wastes discharged into rivers
The ecological balance of the sea is lost when _____ .
A.people consume more fish than they used to
B.the ecological balance of the river is lost
C.large numbers of algae, fish and birds are killed
D.the production of marine petroleum is increased
Who would most probably disagree with conservationists?
A.Industrialists.
B.Ecologists.
C.Businessmen.
D.Environmentalists.
The purpose of the writer is _____ .
A.to reduce modern technology
B.to improve man's way of life
C.to warn people not to change the natural environment
D.to call attention to the protection of the natural environment
Questions 56～60 are based on the following passage.
We all associate colors with feeling and attitudes. In politics dark blue often means “tradition”, and red means “social change”. But blue can also mean sadness (I'm feeling blue)，white is often for purity, although in China white is worn for funerals, and red is used to express the joy of a wedding, in western Europe white is worn at weddings and black for funerals. Advertisers are aware of the importance of selecting colors according to the way people react to them. Soap powders come in white and light blue packets (clean and cold, like ice); cereals often come in brown packets (like wheat fields), but cosmetics never come in brown jars (dirty!).
Where do these ideas come from? Max Luscher from the University of Geneva believes that in the beginning life was dictated by two factors beyond our control: night and day. Night brought passivity, and a general slowing down of metabolism(新陈代谢)；day brought with it the possibility of action, and increase in the metabolic rate, thus providing us with energy and initiative. Dark blue, therefore,is the color of quiet and passivity, bright yellow the color of hope and activity.
In prehistoric times, activity as a rule took one of two forms:either we were hunting and attacking, or we were being hunted and defending ourselves against attack. Attack is universally represented by the color red; selfpreservation by its complement green.
In Luschers view,the association of colors with feeling and attitudes can be traced back to _____ .
A.the association of day and night with passivity and action in ancient time
B.the association of black with funerals in western Europe
C.the association of white with purity in some countries
D.the association of red with joy in China
Which of the following is NOT true?
A.Dark blue brings tragedy.
B.Dark blue means tradition.
C.Dark blue represents night.
D.Dark blue indicates quietness.
Soap powders come in white and light blue packets to _____ .
A.resemble ice
B.show quality
C.suggest purity
D.attract customers
In Luscher's view, which of the following colors is associated with defense?
A.Red.
B.Blue.
C.Dark.
D.Green.
According to the passage, what kind of people would probably favor yellow?
A.People who are passive and conservative.
B.People who are creative and aggressive.
C.People who are hopeful and active.
D.People who are ideal and dreamy.
Questions 61～65 are based on the following passage.
More surprising, perhaps, than the current difficulties of traditional marriage is the fact that marriage itself is alive and thriving. As Skolnick notes, Americans are a marrying people: relative to Europeans, more of us marry and we marry at a younger age. Moreover, after a decline in the early 1970s, the rate of marriage in the United States is now increasing. Even the divorce rate needs to be taken in this promarriage context: some 80 percent of divorced individuals remarry. Thus, marriage remains,by far, the preferred way of life for the vast majority of people in our society.
What has changed more than marriage is the nuclear family.Twentyfive years ago, the typical American family consisted of a husband, a wife, and two or three children.Now, there are many marriages in which couples have decided not to have any children. And there are many marriages where at least some of the children are from the wifes previous marriage, or the husband's, or both. Sometimes these children spend all of their time with one parent from the former marriage; sometimes they are shared between the two former spouses(配偶).
Thus, one can find every type of family arrangement. There are marriages without children; marriages with children from only the present marriage; marriages with “fulltime”children from both the present and former marriages; marriages with “fulltime” children from the present marriage and “parttime” children from former marriages. There are stepfathers, stepmothers, halfbrothers, and halfsisters.It is not all that unusual for a child to have four parents and eight grandparents! These are enormous changes from the traditional nuclear family. But even so, even in the midst of all this, there remains one constant: most Americans spend most of their adult lives married.
By calling Americans marrying people the author means that _____ .
A.Americans are more traditional than Europeans
B.Americans expect more out of marriage than Europeans
C.there are more married couples in USA.than in Europe
D.more of Americans, as compared with Europeans, prefer marriage and they accept it at a younger age.
Divorced Americans _____ .
A.will most likely remarry
B.prefer the way they live
C.have lost faith in marriage
D.are the vast majority of people in the society
Which of the following can be presented as the picture of today's American families?
A.A typical American family consists of only a husband and a wife.
B.Many types of family arrangements have become socially acceptable.
C.Americans prefer to have more kids than before.
D.There are no nuclear families any more.
“Parttime” children _____ .
A.spend some of their time with their half brothers and some of their time with their half sisters
B.spend all of their time with one parent from the previous marriage
C.are shared between the two former spouses
D.cannot stay with “fulltime” children
Even though great changes have taken place in the structure of American families,_____ .
A.the functions of marriage remain unchanged
B.the vast majority of Americans still have faith in marriage
C.most Americans prefer a second marriage
D.all of the above
Part IV Cloze Test(15 minutes,10 points)
Directions:There are 20 blanks in the following passage.For each blank there are four choices marked A,B,C and D on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.
Business and government leaders also consider the inflation rate to be an important general indicator. Inflation is a period of increased 66 that causes rapid rises in prices. 67 your money buys fewer goods so that you get 68 for the same amount of money as before, inflation is the problem. There is a general rise 69 the price of goods and services. Your money buys less. Sometimes people describe inflation as a(n) 70 when “a dollar is not worth a dollar anymore.”
Inflation is a problem for all consumers. People who live on a fixed income are hurt the 71 . Retired people, for instance,cannot 72 on an increase in income as prices rise. Elderly people who do not work face serious problems in stretching their incomes to 73 their needs in time of inflation. Retirement income 74 any fixed income usually does not rise as fast as prices. Many retired people must cut their spending to 75 rising prices. In many cases they must stop 76 some necessary items, such as food and clothing. Even 77 working people whose incomes are going up, inflation can be a problem. The 78 of living goes up, too. People who work must have even more money to keep up their standard of living. Just buying the things they need costs more. When incomes do not keep 79 with rising prices. the standard of living goes down. People may be earning the same amount of money, but they are not living 80 because they are not able to buy as many goods and services.
Government units gather information about prices in our economy and publish it as price indexes 81 the rate of change can be determined. A price index measures changes in prices using the price for a 82 year as the base. The base price is set 83 100, and the other prices are reported as a 84 of the base price. A price index makes 85 possible to compare current prices of typical consumer goods, for example, with prices of the same goods in previous years.
66.A.spending B.demanding C.cosuming D.saving
67.A.Because B.While C.Since D.When
68.A.much B.little C.more D.less
69.A.in B.on C.at D.to
70.A.chance B.time C.moment D.occasion
71.A.best B.least C.most D.worst
72.A.rely B.rest C.depend D.count
73.A.meet B.obtain C.care D.acquire
74.A.or B.and C.excluding D.including
75.A.live up to B.catch up to C.put up with D.keep up with
76.A.to buy B.buying C.having bought D.from buying
77.A.for B.to C.of D.if
78.A.price B.level C.cost D.standard
79.A.race B.pace C.speed D.step
80.A.as usual B.as well C.as before D.as such
81.A.in which B.from which C.of which D.by which
82.A.last B.given C.fixed D.definite
83.A.on B.by C.at D.against
84.A.portion B.percentage C.proportion D.fraction
85.A.it B.us C.one D.you
Paper Two
Part I Error Detection and Correction(10 minutes,10 points)
Directions:Each of the following sentences has four underlined parts. These parts are labeled A,B,C,and D. Identify the part of the sentence that is incorrect and mark out your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Then, without altering the meaning of the sentence, write down your correction on the line on the ANSWER SHEET.
Not too many (A) years ago (B) my mother jogged in the alley behind our house because she was embarrassed to see (C) jogging in public (D) .
One expert remarks (A) that a computer with so (B) many tubes as the brain has (C) neurons would require (D) the Empire State Building to contain it.
Despite (A) this similarity with other (B) creatures,the evolution of humankind differs from other species
(C) in one (D) important and unique way.
The scientists, concerned about (A) the potential hazards,wanted the latest (B) research finding made (C) publicly (D) .
Among (A) all the poems I have read recently, Thomas Hardy's “The Darkling Thrust” seems (B) the most relevant to (C)our times (D) .
The president devoted his energies (A) to update (B) the curricula, making (C) the education offered at Washington College as meaningful and usual as possible (D) .
Failure to advertise could (A) result in either reduced (B) sales and less (C) profit nor (D) legal actions.
Suddenly, Gallup's name was on everyone's lips (A) ; not only he was (B) the prophet of the moment, but (C) it was generally believed that he had founded a new (D) and most important method of prediction.
Usually you will be more likely (A) to find insects if
(B) you examine finer twigs rather than (C) the coarse
(D) parts of trees.
Office revolution not only (A) has changed how (B) work is done but redefined (C) the function of everyone who works (D) in an office.
Part II Translation(15 minutes,10 points)
Directions: Translate the following passage into English.Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.
在过去的几十年里，可能没有任何其他话题比领导艺术更受到管理研究者的关注。在管理人员的培训和开发方面,领导艺术也是最热门的话题之一。这表明专业管理人员对探索卓有成效的领导艺术的奥秘感兴趣。
Part III Guided Writing (30 minutes,15points)
Directions: Migrant workers have made a great contribution to the prosperity of cities (外地民工为城市的繁荣作出了很大贡献). In this part, you are to write within 30 minutes a composition of 100 words or so about “The Role of Migrant Workers”(外地民工的作用). You can agree and/or disagree, completely or partially to the above statement. But no matter which position you take, you should give sound supporting reasons.
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