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模拟试题[01](考研)
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模拟试题[01]
Simulated Test
Part I Structure and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions:Beneath each of the following sentences,there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one that best completes the sentence.Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.(5points)
1.At the last conmmittee meeting,the motion that the sale of the alcohol _____unlawful was defeated.
A．was made
B．was to be made
C．be made
D．would be made
2.The agency,_____to set and enforce health standard for American workers,has been promising a cotton dust standard for several years.
A．which is
B．which it is
C．whose job it is
D．whose job is
3.People were afraid to leave their house,_____the police had been ordered to stand by in case of emergency,they were just as confused and helpless as anybody else.
A．and even if
B．but since
C．however after
D．for though
4.As long as we alive,we are learning and ,in fact,some of our most important learning takes place outside of school _____in school.
A．better than
B．rather than
C．other than
D．more than
5.The tremendous heat at a star's core,_____tremendous gravity,joins the nuclei of hydrogen atoms.
A．combined with
B．having combined with
C．combining with
D．being combined to
6.Success in life does not depend so much on one's school record _____on one's honesty and diligence.
A．but
B．whereas
C．as
D．like
7.Though she could hardly make ends meet herself,she managed to save _____she could out of her slim salary to help her brother to go to school.
A．how little money
B．such little money
C．so little money
D．what little money
8.In learning a foreign language,_____Engligh,one should first pay attention to speaking,which is the groundwork of reading and writing.
A．says
B．say
C．to say
D．saying
9.It is strange that he _____so rude to you,though you did so much for him.
A．should be
B．should have been
C．is
D．was
10._____can help but admit that drastic changes have taken place in China since the economic reform in 1979.
A．Everybody
B．Anybody
C．Somebody
D．Nobody
Section B
Directions:Each of the following sentences has four underlined parts marked A,B,C and D.Identify the part of the sentence that is incorrect and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.(5points)
11.Never say anything (A)behind a person's back if (B)you wouldn't (C)say to (D)his face.
12.It is not (A)because they were afraid of earthquakes,but (B)because there was a trend for living (C)in the suburbs so (D)after Wold War Ⅱmany San Franciscans left the city houses and moved to the suburb.
13.As (A)a general observation,many physicians regret having (B)never (C)taken a course (D)in the history of medicine.
14.It is difficult for us to explain phenomena (A)which (B)we have little or (C)no direct (D)knowledge.
15.There lived (A)in the village the peasants who enjoy no sickness (B)benefits,no oldage pensions (C)not any (D)holidays?shy;.
16.The change which these years have brought about (A)is too (B)remarkable to pass over (C)without being noticed (D).
17.I have too many (A)things to attend (B)to that a holiday for (C)me now is out of the question (D).
18.When we sit at the table,we must wait for everyone (A)before starting (B)eating.Sometimes you (C)have to wait until the head (D)of the family begins eating.
19.Emphasis is laid on (A)the necessity that all the objectives to be attained (B)will be taken (C)into account before starting (D)a new project.
20.Although (A)a majority of the houses in that area is (B)still in need of repair (C),there has been much inprovement in their (D)appearance.
Section C
Directions:Beneath each of the following sentences,there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one that best completes the sentence.Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)
21.I don't think I'd like to share a flat with her.I'd find it difficult to _____her standards of order.
A．live up to
B．keep up to
C．face up to
D．make up to
22.The hero in the book was _____by his enemies and left in a gasfilled room,but he managed to escape.
A．bound up
B．tied up
C．locked up
D．knocked over
23.He has _____a very odd set of people.I hope they won't have a bad influence on him.
A．got mixed up with
B．got involved in
C．lined up with
D．come up with
24.I can _____her sudden friendiness;she wants me to look after her parrot while she is away.
A．work out
B．make out
C．see through
D．figure out
25.Because American parents believe that knowledge leads to a meaningful life,they try to give youngsters many opportunities to develop skills and _____interests.
A．worth
B．worthy
C．valuable
D．worthwhile
26.People today spend a _____portion of their time conferring on the proper way to bring up children.
A．considerable
B．significant
C．substantial
D．surplus
27.Since she inherited her father's fortune,she is completely independent _____her husband.
A．from
B．on
C.of
D.with
28.A benefit performance is a performance for which a charitable organization has bought out at a discounted price and _____funds by selling tickets at a full price.
A．furnish
B．raise
C．accumulate
D．contribute
29.Money serves as a means of accumulating wealth and as a universal _____of exchange in the highly diversified commercial world.
A．measure
B．intermediate
C．medium
D．mechanism
30.Many museums now provide educational services and children's departments._____the usual displays,they also offer film showings and dance programs.
A．As well as
B．Rather than
C．With the exception of
D．In addition to
31.It is true that road travel in the old days was difficult,_____and uncomfortable,but it was comparatively safe.
A．tedious
B．irritable
C．worrying
D．disinteresting
32.By giving him electrical shock treatment,the doctor has _____a partial cure of his short sightedness.
A．affected
B．effected
C．afforded
D．rendered
33.Chinese diplomatic envoys were sent who should strengthen our international position and strive for world peace and friendly _____among peoples.
A．collaboration
B．harmony
C．coordination
D.intercourse
34.The Wall Street multimillionaires are looking for new markets overseas where they can _____their surplus goods.
A．damp
B．deliver
C．dump
D．stamp
35.The young soldier killed 25enemies in a close battle,for which he was _____the title of Combat Hero.
A．awarded
B．rewarded
C．conferred
D．honoured
36.Vietnam military costs _____economic weaknesses in the United States,which cleverly exported its inflation abroad.
A．reinforced
B．strengthened
C．accelerated
D．intensified
37.Not a few excellent proposals by the countries of the third world have been _____to the Unifed Nations,acceptance of which will strengthen peace and lessen the danger of war.
A．submitted
B．suggested
C．advanced
D．released
38.I had been puzzled over the problem for over an hour without any result when all at once the solution _____across my mind.
A．flushed
B．flickered
C．flared
D．flashed
39.For some rare cases,the doctor does not base his diagnosis on the patient's _____only but also on the results of tests.
A．complaints
B．reports
C．statements
D．symptoms
40.Before suburbanization which began during the emergence of the industrial city,the city was a small highly compact cluster in which people moved around on foot and goods were _____by horse and cart.
A．conveyed
B．surveyed
C．forwarded
D．delivered
Part II Cloze Test
Directions:For each numbered blank in the following passage,there are four choices labelled A,B,C and D.Choose the best one and put your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)
Every day,hundreds of thousands of social scientists go to work.Meanwhile,most of the rest of the world believes that social science is frivolous (不重要的、无意义的)and useless.More to the 41，even those in government and business who sometimes hope to use research frequently 42that social science is irrelevant,incomprehensible or 43low quality.Researchers are usually unable to 44specific instances of their work 45used.
Social scientists are 46that their work is not used as they think it should be,and dismayed 47they do not share the social respect of natural scientists.Sometimes this situation may endanger research funds.48their economies in trouble,nations like the U.S.and Britain have begun to decide that social science is a luxury that they can do 49.As a result,the “underutilization”of research has received a surge of new attention of the social scientists although the field has had citations increase fiftyfold in the twenty years 501976．
41．A．effect B．point C．contrary D．advantage
42．A．accuse B．object C．testify D．complain
43．A．is B．of C．at D．very
44．A．cite B．confirm C．contend D．conceive
45．A．being B．to be C．has been D．which is
46．A．fascinated B．overwhelmed C．terrified D．frustrated
47．A．if B．once C．that D．whenever
48．A．With B．Despite C．Lest D．Because of
49．A．with B．within C．without D．away with
50．A．prior B．previous C．preceding D．precedent
Part ⅢReadling Comprehension
Directions:Each of the passages below is followed by some questions.For each question there are four answers marked A,B,C and D.Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions.Then mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET I by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil.(40points)
Passage 1
The traditional distinction between products that satisfy needs and those that satisfy wants is no longer adequate to describe classes of products.In today's prosperous societies the distinction has become blurred because so many wants have been turned into needs.A writer,for instance,can work with paper and pencils.These are legitimate needs for the task.But the work can be done more quickly and efficiently with a word processor.Thus a computer is soon viewed as a need rather than a want.
In the field of marketing,consumer goods are classed according to the way in which they are purchased.The two main categories are convenience goods and shopping goods.Two lesser types are specialty goods and unsought goods.It must be emphasized that all of these types are based on the way shoppers think about products,not on the nature of the products themselves.What is regarded as a convenience item in France(wine,for example)may be a specialty good in the United States.
People do not spend a great deal of time shopping for such convenience items as groceries,newspapers,toothpaste,razor blades,aspirin,and candy.The buying of convenience goods may be done routinely,as some families buy groceries once a week.Such regularly purchased items are called staples.Sometimes convenience products are bought on impulse:someone has a sudden desire for an ice cream sundae on a hot day.Or they may be purchased as emergency items.
Shopping goods are items for which customers search.They compare prices,quality,and styles,and may visit a number of stores before making a decision.Buying an automobile is often done this way.
Shopping goods fall into two classes:those that are perceived as basically the same and those that are regarded as different.Items that are looked upon as basically the same include such things as home appliances,television sets,and automobiles.Having decided on the model desired,the customer is primarily interested in getting the item at the most favorable price.Items regarded as inherently different include clothing,furniture,and dishes.Quality,style,and fashion will either take precedence over price,or they will not matter at all.
Specialty goods have characteristics that impel customers to make special efforts to find them.Price may be no consideration at all.Specialty goods can include almost any kind of product.Normally,specialty goods have a brand name or other distinguishing characteristics.
Unsought goods are items a consumer does not necessarily want or need or may not even know about.Promotion or advertising brings such goods to the consumer's attention.The product could be something new on the market as the Sony Walkman once was or it may be a fairly standard service,such as life insurance,for which most people will usually not bother shopping.
51.A word processor can be looked on as satisfying a need rather than a want if _____.
A.it is used at home to do paper work
B.it is used by a writer to type a novel
C.it becomes the only means to an end
D.a writer does not want to use it
52.Staples(in the third paragraph)are commodities _____.
A.that people are in constant need of
B.that people do not really want
C.that people want but don't need
D.that are convenient to purchase
53.Shopping goods that are considered as basically the same are those _____.
A.that satisfy similar needs of the consumer
B.that consumers don't care where to buy them
C.that consumers spend much time to look for
D.that can be found in nearly every shop
54.Unsought goods _____.
A.have to be new
B.have to be standardized
C.have to be promoted
D.have to be sent to consumers'ｓhomes
Passage 2
The listener has a given amount of energy to expend in completing the communication process.Any distraction that demands part of that energy will diminish the probability that communication will take place.One of the easiest distractions to eliminate is the too soft voice.You will find it necessary to adjust your voice level to accommodate the size of the room,the number of people in the audience,the furnishings,and the ambient noise level.
The desired level is one that seems slightly greater than that normally heard in conversation.If the room is large and filled with people,you will have to put an appropriate amount of power in your voice to be easily heard.In some cases,you may require electronic amplification,which will usually enable you to speak in an ordinary conversational tone.
Furnishings such as heavy carpets and drapes absorb a good deal of sound,thereby creating a deadening effect on the speaker's voice.You should be able to judge the effects of the furnishings after speaking the first few sentences.You can then modify your voice level as necessary to account for any soundabsorbing material.
The ambient noise in the room may be made up of motor sounds from and overhead projector,airconditioning ,outside traffic,etc.You may find it necessary to vary your voice level at times to adjust for changes in the ambient noise level.
Finally,you should be aware of cues from members of the audience who may communicate by body language an inability to hear what you are saying.
55.This passage is mainly concerned with _____.
A．the communcation between a speaker and the audience
B．the use of body language in addressing an audience
C．various distractions of a speaker from the speech
D．the appropriate use of voice level in public speech
56.The second sentence in the first paragraph intends to render the idea that _____.
A．distractions will render communication unlikely to happen
B．attention to the audience in public speech is most important
C．it takes great effort to overcome any distraction in public communication
D．it is impossible to communicate when the audience are distracted from the speech
57.The second paragraph points out that it is important for a speaker _____.
A．to speak in an ordinary conversational tone
B．to use electronic amplification in a large room
C．to speak in a loud voice as in conversation
D．to adapt voice level to the size of the room
58.According to the passage,in the course of speaking,a speaker should _____.
A．use overhead projectors to help him
B．pay enough attention to the audience's reaction
C．raise voice level to create special effect
D．ignore any distraction from the environment
Passage 3
Designing a lens can be compared to playing chess.In chess a player tries to trap his opponent's king in a series of moves.On creating a lens,lens designers attempts to “trap”light by forcing all the rays arising from a single point in the subject to converge on a single point in the image,as a consequence of their passing through a series of transparent elements with precisely curved surfaces.Since in both cases the ultimate goal and the means by which it can be attained are known,one is tempted to think there will be a single best decision at any point along the way.The number of possible consequences flowing from any one decision is so large,however,as to be virtually,if not actually,infinite.Therefore in lens design,as in chess,perfect solutions to a problem are beyond reach.The same principles apply to all lenses.
The lens designer has one enormous advantage over the chess player.The designer is free to call on any available source of help to guide him through the countless number of possibilities.Most of that help once came from mathematics and physics,but recently computer technology,information theory,chemistry,industral engineering and psychophysics have all contributed to making the designer's job immeasurably more productive.Some of the lenses on the market today were inconceivable a decade ago.Others whose design is as much as a century old can now be massproduced at low cost.With the development of automatic production methods,lenses are made by the millions,both out of glass and out of plastics.Today's lenses are better than the best lenses used by the great photographers of the past.Moreover,their price may be lower,in spite of fact that the 19th century craftsmen worked for only a few dollars a week and today's lenses are more complex.The lens desigher cannot fail to be grateful for the science and technology that have made his work easier and his creations more widely available,but he is also humbled:it is no longer practical for a fine photographic lens to be designed from beginning to end by a single human mind.
59.In what way does lens design resemble chess?
A.In the number of steps each takes towards the goal.
B.In the designs of the two activities.
C.The steps to the goals and the goal itself are known.
D.Each has a doer and a competitor.
60.In lens design,_____.
A.it is completely impossible to preset the best steps along the way
B.it is always very hard to solve any problems
C.one can work out a best solution to problems in each step
D.there are countless steps towards the final goal
61.Compared with a chess player,lens designer _____.
A.can put his design to massproduction.
B.can draw on various sources in his work
C.can reduce the cost of lens production
D.has no one to train him before taking up the work
62.A lens designer in the past _____.
A.did their work better
B.did not use glass for making lenses
C.was usually poor
D.designed the lens all by himself
Passage 4
A question that healthconscious consumers may ask when buying produce is whether they are free of pesticides.But currently,there is no federal standard for pesticidefree “organically grown”foods foods grown without synthetic pesticides or fertilizers.The result,says U.S.Senate Agriculture Committee Chairman Patrick Leahy,is that consumers “too often see confusing and unsubstantiated claims such as ‘organically grown’and ‘natural’”.
Currently,22states have some kind of certification program or at least requirements for thirdparty certification.Look for the words “certified organically grown”or similar wording.In most cases,that means that no synthetic pesticides have been used in three years and that no synthetic fertilizers have been used in two or three years.Even if your state does not have its own program,you may have seen organically grown produce in the marketplace.If you want to know exactly what that means,ask the store's manager or the produce buyer about how the store's “organic”produce was grown.
Legislation to establish a natural standard for organically grown produce is making its way through Congress.The U．S.Department of Agriculture would be responsible for the certification program.The legislation also would establish standards for processed foods claiming organic ingredients.But in the meantime,if you want to be certain that the produce you eat is pesticidefree,you have two options.You can buy your fruits and vegetables from someone you know or you can grow your own.
63.The passage implies that _____．
A．there is really no organically grown produce yet
B．some foods are falsely labeled
C．some states are slow in making laws concerned
D．each state should stop certifying certain foods
64.If certain kind of food is labeled as “certified organically”,it should mean that _____．
A．the food is grown without any chemicals and is natural
B．it is certified in the state in which it is grown
C．it is certified by the U．S．Department of Agriculture
D．no synthetic pesticides or fertilizers have been used on them over a certain period of time
65.The author advises consumers to _____.
A．look for foods with such words as “certified organically grown”
B．grow their own food without synthetic chemicals
C．buy foods from a seller they often deal with
D．make sure the foods are pesticidefree before buying them
66.Legislation to set up a standard for organically grown produce _____．
A．is being debated in the Congress
B．has come into effect
C．is in the charge of the U．S.Department of Agriculture
D．is delayed due to disagreement in Congress
Passage 5
Angyal described the case of a man with a domineering father who showed extreme swings of mood in relation to his son.At times,he was affectionate,played with the child,and told him interesting and imaginative stories.At other times he showed violent outbursts of rage and would beat his son so badly that the child thought he would be killed.The boy had numerous fantasies,including one in which his father was killed by a cunning bandit who came to the house cleverly disguised as the father.As Angyal put it,the fantasy dramatized the child's confusion as to whether he was living in a loving house or in a cruel,alien world that merely masqueraded as pleasant.The fantasy was aimed at dispelling his confusion about the father,whose behaviour made him both God and devil．
But this daydream ,implying the murder and loss of the underlying good father,was unacceptable to the boy and failed to solve his doubts.He began to behave compulsively,such as making sure when out walking to step only on stones and never to walk on the bare earth a magical hope of resolving his confusion.Once as he walked in the backyard he ran out of stones to step on and suddenly stood stuck still on the last stone between the yard and his rear steps.He stayed there for an hour until finally his father came and picked him up,freeing him from his immobility.Once the boy overheard his father saying “I live only for the family”only to hear his grandfather say:“No,you only live for yourself!”All of these seeming contradictions made the boy grow into a man endlessly shifting back and forth between positions,unable to take a stand except on irrelevant and unimportant issues in daily life.
67.Angyal explained the boy's fantasy as _____．
A．his wish to kill his father
B．his eagerness to be loved
C．resulting from lack of love
D．his confused feeling towards his father
68.The expression “masqueraded as pleasant”(the fifth sentence in paragraph 1)is closest in meaning to _____．
A．was described as being pleasant
B．was mistaken as being pleasant
C．appeared pleasant
D．turned out to be pleasant
69.The story of the boy's walking on the stones shows that _____.
A．he wished to solve his problem
B．he wanted to get his father killed
C．he wished that his father could help him
D．he was emotionally tolerated and had gone crazy
70.What the grandfather said _____.
A．made it clear that the father was very selfish
B．proved that the father had a distorted character
C．confirmed the boy in his belief
D．made the boy even more confused
Part IV English-Chinese Translation
Directions:Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese.(15points)
The three S'ｓthe keys to making a building stay up for ever were discovered by Imhotep,architect of the 4600yearold Great Pyramid of Gizeh.They are shape,size and soil.
Firstly,shape.you can't beat a pointy building with a flat base.(71)Spreading its huge weight over a wide area,and with a centre of gravity far from any edges,a pyramid cannot topple over.Other shapes can also do the trick.As the 1800year old Pantheon in Rome demonstrates,domes can give a building enormous strength and rigidity.
Size also matters:whatever else the Pyramids are,economically they are not.(72)They are massively overengineered:six million tons of limestone in the case of the Great Pyramids of Gizeh,and all to house a few burial chambers no bigger than semidetached houses.In medieval times,the great cathedrals were a little more frugally constructed,but even they'd be hopelessly expensive to build today.
Yet even the mightiest buildings can be laid low if they are built on dubious soil.(73)Around 2500B.C,the sand foundations of the halffinished pyramid at Meidum gave way,and 25 tons of its limestone surface came sliding off its sides.
(74)Poor foundations could yet destroy the Leaning Tower of Pisa,still toppling at a millimetre a year,despite having 800tons of lead stabilizer wrapped around its base.
Earthquakes are the real giant-killers.Ironically,the very strength and rigidity that usually protects buildings counts against them in earthquakes,as they lack any "give".
Particularly at risk are brick-built and concrete-frame buildings,which are simply torn apart by the to-and-fro motion of the ground.Rubber-padded foundations,which are used in some buildings in California,do not seem to help much either:the buildings have a nasty tendency to wobble too far.
(75)Curiously,multi-story steel-framed skyscrapers fare pretty well:their gigantic size makes them vibrate very slowly in all but the biggest of quakes,and their deep foundations and frames are strong enough to withstand the movement.
Part V Writing (15points)
Directions:
A.Title:Travel in Holidays
B.You should write an essay based on the outline below in no less than 150words
C.Your essay should be written clearly on Answer Sheet II.
Outline:
1．很多学生利用假期旅游
2．旅游之前应做的准备工作
3．旅游时除观光外应该注意的事项
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