¡¡¡¡Part I Structure and Vocabulary

¡¡¡¡
Section A
Directions:Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (5 points)

1. Many foreign students come to study in the U.S.,some _____ by Fulbright scholarships, others by the U.S. government's Agency for International Development,by the Ford Foundation,and so on.

A£®to be supported 
B£®being supported
C£®are supported 
D£®having been supported
 
2. Advertising can be a service to the customer.This is true when advertisements give liable information about the goods _____ .

A£®advertised 
B£®being advertised
C£®to be advertised 
D£®having been advertised
 
3. There was clearly nothing left to do but sit down on the shabby little couch and weep. _____ . 

A£®Did so Della 
B£®So did Della 
C£®Della so did 
D£®So Della did
 
4. He said it was impossible for _____ a mistake in a computer's calculation,so you can rely on that.

A£®there being 
B£®there would be 
C£®there to be 
D£®there was
 
5. Of course they could not look at the elephant with their eyes,but they thought they might learn what kind of animal it was by touching and feeling. _____ ,you see,they trusted their own sense of touch very much.

A£®Moreover 
B£®For
C£®Nevertheless 
D£®Because
 
6. A man of less courage _____ to stand up to such a complicated situation.

A£®would not have dared 
B£®could not have dared
C£®will not dare 
D£®did not dare
 
7. _____ otherwise directed by a doctor,this medicine should be taken three times a day.

A£®Even if 
B£®Unless 
C£®Except that 
D£®As
 
8. More importance needs to be given to sports,and a careful choice of _____ forms are most suitable should be made;this calls for close cooperation between physical education instructor and the school physician.

A£®whose 
B£®which 
C£®whether 
D£®why
 
9. Disease can be _____ ,if not more so,to the wellª²being and progress of a nation than wars or economic depressions.

A£®as harmful as 
B£®harmful
C£®as harmful 
D£®harmful as
 
10. Windstorms have recently established a record which meteorologists hope will not be equaled for many years _____ .

A£®that will come 
B£®that are coming
C£®to come 
D£®comin

11. Like most people,I was brought up to look upon (A) life as a process of getting.It was not until (B) in my late thirties did I make (C) this important discovery:givingª²away makes life so much more (D) exciting.

 
12. Planes are the fastest (A) way to transport (B) food.They are especially useful in carrying food to people and animals that can not (C) be reached (D) otherwise.

 
13. He got up,walked across the room,and with (A) a (B) sharp quick movement flung (C) the door widely (D) open.

 
14. At (A) a minimum,the negotiators are hoping to achieve (B) an agreement in principle (C) £¬with details worked out (D) later.

 
15. In noteª²taking, (A) a strick discipline has to be kept (B) and all inessential details ignored (C) and unnecessary words eliminated (D) .

 
16. No one who has seen (A) him work (B) in the lab can deny that Smith has an interest (C) and aptitude for (D) chemical experimentation.

 
17. Someone in the office had made (A) a mistake,and the company regretted (B) to have caused (C) the customer inconvenience (D) .

 
18. Anyone with necessary equipment (A) can manufacture his (B) own outdoor furniture; however (C) ,a certain degree of patience and skill is (D) also required.

 
19. How I wish John knew (A) how to apply (B) grammatical rules properly and recognize (C) the fact that he is nearly always in the wrong (D) .

 
20. It is true that the average man (A) often uses in his own vocabulary that (B) was once technical language not meant (C) for him (D) .

21. Nobody _____ when I complained about the food, so nothing was done about it.

A£®turned to me 
B£®relied on me 
C£®backed me up 
D£®held me up
 
22. He wanted to ask her to marry him but he was too shy to do it at once. He _____ by saying he often felt lonely.

A£®led up to it 
B£®took it up 
C£®made it up 
D£®gave it away
 
23. The lifeboat _____ in case it is necessary to take off the crew of the damaged ship.

A£®has been put aside 
B£®has been put away
C£®has been set aside 
D£®is standing by
 
24. The doctor thinks he'll _____ now. His temperature has gone down.

A£®pull through 
B£®put right 
C£®set right 
D£®get over
 
25. The use of money is not limited to high civilizations; actually many primitive peoples have _____ moneys of their own.

A£®discoverd 
B£®devised 
C£®diverted 
D£®diversified
 
26. He has brought forward conclusive evidence, which _____ for further dispute.

A£®makes room 
B£®leves no room
C£®spares no efforts 
D£®takes no pains
 
27. Millions of farmers, drawn by the _____ of employment, came into the city which made the problems of transportaion and housing evenmore serious.

A£®prosperity 
B£®prospect 
C£®expectaiton 
D£®anticipation
 
28. There are several possible explanations for the greater job stability in Japan _____ the great job mobility in the United States.

A£®contrary to 
B£®in regard to 
C£®in contrast to 
D£®with respect to
 
29. Although, some students graduate from high school, they are virtually illiterate _____ writing a business letter.

A£®in the event of 
B£®in the light of 
C£®in case of 
D£®in terms of
 
30. Throughout the United States, insurance laws follow a general pattern although _____ are different from state to state.

A£®provisions 
B£®contracts 
C£®treaties 
D£®regulations
 
31. Because there is evidence of severely harmful effects from chemical dumps, the government has _____ tougher cleanª²up measures.

A£®imposed 
B£®impulsed 
C£®implemented 
D£®incorporated
 
32. A scientist does not accept statements which are not based on the most complete evidence available. Instead, he always checks, studies and makes experiments carefully and objectively to _____ them.

A£®testifly 
B£®verify 
C£®affirm 
D£®assert
 
33. It is due to the invention of the computer that man has been able to work so many wonders in the past few years. A case _____ is the successful launching of space shutle.

A£®in point 
B£®in question 
C£®in a way 
D£®in brief
 
34. Sometimes the tension produced by fears is so great that we cannot suppress it. At such times we need to _____ the tension by laughing or crying.

A£®discard 
B£®disperse 
C£®disguise 
D£®discharge
 
35. There are two great belts or _____ where ninety percent of all earthquakes take place; they may, however, happen anywhere at any time.

A£®regions 
B£®areas 
C£®zones 
D£®districts
 
36. One of the main goals of the modern wonmen's liberation movement, which started in the early 1960s, was to _____ sex discrimination in the workforce, and to open up careers for women that were previously for men.

A£®abolish 
B£®eliminate 
C£®diminish 
D£®extinguish
 
37. Nowadays, skilled workers such as carpenters, electricians and TV repairmen often have higher income than college graduates. The old distinction that whiteª²collar workers make a better living than blueª²collar workers no longer _____ true.

A£®hold 
B£®stay 
C£®come 
D£®become
 
38. The differences, in terms of lifetime experiences, between the average student who goes to college and the average student who does not, are so _____ to the collegeª²going sutdnet that any student who can reach college owes it to himself to do so.

A£®preferrable 
B£®favourable 
C£®convenient 
D£®compulsory
 
39. An auction is usually advertized beforehand with full particulars of articles to be sold and where and when they can be viewed by _____ buyers.

A£®perspective 
B£®prospective 
C£®prosperous 
D£®profitable
 
40. Recently, great advances have been made in the study of Venus' surface by the use of radar waves to _____ the dense cloud layer.

A£®persecute 
B£®pierce 
C£®penetrate 
D£®plunge 
 
 

    Cartography is the art and science of map making.Maps are an important 41 for the presentation of angles, distances, areas and directions. They are used for a large 42 of purposes. A very important requirement, 43 accuracy,is that the map should be clearly legible. Modern methods of cartographic design and reproduction enable modern maps to be given a high 44 of clarity and 45 .The first consideration in the compilation of any map is the 46 for which it is to be used.A suitable map projection is required, 47 whether the map will have to show only a small part of the earth's surface, a relatively large area 48 a country or even a continent, or the whole surface of the earth.It will partially depend also on weather the map must satisfy geographical, 49 or traffic engineering requirements.Many different 50 and variants of these have been developed.

41£® A£®method         B£®practice         C£®medium          D£®apparatus
42£® A£®amount         B£®difference       C£®diversity       D£®variety
43£® A£®besides        B£®despite          C£®except          D£®except for
44£® A£®extent         B£®degree           C£®level           D£®standard
45£® A£®imitation      B£®illustration     C£®precision       D£®distinction
46£® A£®users          B£®consumers        C£®purpose         D£®utilization
47£® A£®depending on   B£®consisting in    C£®resulting in    D£®consulting with
48£® A£®equal to       B£®larger than      C£®such as         D£®which is
49£® A£®analytical     B£®navigational     C£®ornamental      D£®technological
50£® A£®duplications   B£®specifications   C£®transmissions   D£®projections

    Why people work? Undoubtedly you have periodically asked yourself the same question, perhaps focused on why you have to work.¡°Selfª²interest¡±in its broadest sense,including the interests of family and friends,is a basic motivation for work in all societies.But selfª²interest can involve more than providing for subsistence or accumulating wealth.For instance,among the Maori,a Polynesian people of the South Pacific,a desire for approval,a sense of duty,a wish to conform to custom and tradition, a feeª²ling of emulation(¾ºÕù),and a pleasure in craftsmanship are additional reasons for working.Even within the United States,we cannot understand work as simply a response to economic necessity.Studies show that the vast majority of Americans would continue to work even if they inherited enough money to live comfortably.
    When people work,they gain a contributing place in society. The fact that what they receive pay for their work indicates that what they do is needed by other people and that what they are a necessary part of the social fabric.Work is also a major social mechanism for placing people in the larger social structure and for providing them with identities.In the United States,it is a blunt and ruthlessly public fact that to do nothing is to be nothing and to do little is to be little.Work is commonly seen as the measure of an individual.
    Sociologist Melvin L. Kohn and his associates have shown some of the ways work affects our lives.Generally,people who engage in selfª²directed work come to value selfª²direction more highly,to be more open to new ideas and to be less authoritarian in their relationships with others.Moreover,they develop selfª²conceptions consistent with these values,and as parents they pass these characteristics on to their children. Our work,then,is an important socializing experience that influences who and what we are.

51. Traditionally,work for¡°selfª²interest¡± would be interpreted to mean work for _____ .

A.selfish reasons 
B.a feeling of satisfaction
C.earning a living 
D.a contributing place in society
 
52. In the second paragraph,the author points out that work and a corresponding salary mean that _____ .

A.the worth of the worker is recognized by the society
B.the worker is better than any other person
C.the worker is able to support himself or herself
D.the worker is leading a very successful life
 
53. As a conclusion,the author points out that work enables a worker to _____ .

A.get real satisfaction
B.life a happy life
C.know the society better
D.shape and find himself
 
54. The best title for the passage might be _____ .

A.The Society and the Individual
B.The Significance of Work
C.The Society and Work
D.The Definition of Work

    Perhaps most puzzling than purring is the cat's ability to survive falls. A research shed light on this ability in 1987. The cat's habit of falling out of open windows proviª²ded the researchers with an opportunity to study 115 cats that had fallen from highª²rise apartments in New York City.The average fall was 5.5 stories.Of the 115 cats studied,90 percent survived, including one cat that fell 32 stories onto a sidewalk and suffered only mild chest injury and a chipped tooth.Interestingly,cats that fell from 9 or more stories suffered fewer injuries than those falling from lower heights.Among cats that fell from 9 to 32 stories, only 5 percent suffered fatal injuries,but 10 percent of those that fell from 7 or fewer stories died.
    How do cats manage to take falling so easily?For one thing, in comparison to human beings,a cat is much smaller and lighter. Also,a cat has more body surface area in proportion to its weight than a human being has.This increase in surface area results in greater air resistance,which slows the fall.The important thing,however, is that a falling cat apparently positions itself to form a sort of parachute(½µÂäÉ¡).Less than one second after it starts to fall, a cat quickly rights itself in midair with all four legs poinª²ting downward. The cat's inner ears act like an internal gyroscope, telling the cat which direction it is falling.With the legs pointed downward,the cat then spreads its legs so that its body forms a sort of parachute that increases air resistance. With its limbs flexed, the cat also cushions the force of impact by landing on all four legs. The force of the impact is distributed through the muscles and joints.
    The researchers believe that the parachute effect comes into play mainly above four stories,at the point where the cat has reached its greatest rate of descent.Of the 115 cats the researchers studied,only 1 of 13 cats that fell nine or more stories sustained a bone fracture, whereas most to the cats that fell from lower stories suffered some type of broken bone.

55. In the research it was found that the cats tend to suffer injuries or death when they fell from _____ .

A.the highest story of the building
B.the lowest story of the building
C.the middle stories of the building
D.the fourth to seventh stories of it
 
56. The key to the cat's survival of high falls lies in _____ .

A.its body size
B.the size of its body surface
C.its body weight
D.its posture in the falling
 
57. Cats that fall from high places _____ .

A.take some time to adjust itself in midair
B.always spread itself as fully as possible
C.look like the shapes of parachutes
D.points their ears to the falling direction
 
58. The parachute effect starts _____ .

A.in the middle of the cat's fall
B.when its fall reaches the highest speed
C.at the beginning of the cat's fall
D.towards the end of the cat's fall

    For the most part,schools are designed to produce people who fit into society,not people who set out to change it .However,schools,particularly universities,may not only transmit culture;they may add to the cultural heritage.Contemporary American society places a good deal of emphasis on the development of new knowledge,especially in the physical and biological sciences,medicine,and engineering.In recent decades,the nation's leading universities have increasingly become research centres.
    An emphasis on research has led universities to judge professors not primarily in terms of their competence as teachers, but as researchers.Promotions,salary increases,and other benefits have long been dependent on research and publication. However,the top priority is no longer publishing. To be successful these days,professors have to bring in funds from research grants provided by government and private industry.Critics contend that academic success is most likely to come to those who have learned to ¡°neglect¡±their teaching duties to pursue research activities. Defenders say that even when students are not themselves involved in research projects they benefit from the intellectual stimulation that a research orientation brings to university life.
    Major research universities like the Massachusetts Institute of Technology have also established a range of partnerships with industrial concerns to develop technology and products with commercial potential.With universityª²industry ties continuing to grow,debate has flared about the consequences for basic science, academic openness,the control of information, the direction of research,and the influence on students.

59. Now,American universities consider _____ .

A.it urgent to change the U£®S. culture
B.natural sciences more important than culture
C.research and publication more important than teaching
D.research more important than publications
 
60. In contemporary standard,a successful teacher is one _____ .

A.who teaches well
B.who can obtain financial support for research
C.who gets the highest salary
D.who has many publication
 
61. Supporters of the present emphasis on research argue that _____ .

A.it involves more students in it
B.it does good to students anyway
C.it has a direct good effect on teaching
D.it earns a lot of money for a university
 
62. The author seems _____ the shift of emphasis to research.

A.to be very dissatisfied with
B.to be sorry to see
C.to be in favor of
D.to be neutral about

    ¡°During the whole of a dull, dark and soundless day in the autumn of the year, when the clouds hung oppressively low in the heavens, I had been passing alone, on horseback, through a singularly dreary tract of country, and at length found myself, as the shades of the evening drew on, within view of the melancholy House of Usher.¡±Thus Edgar Allan Poe opened his story of ¡°The Fall of the House of Usher¡± in 1839. In this beautifully crafted sentence he captured so much that is essential to the horror story: darkness, ominous solitude, foreboding calm, apprehension and uncertainty, and a deep feeling of melancholy that could soon turn to fear.
    Many kinds of fiction are selfª²explanatory: mysteries, Westerns, love stories, spy thrillers, and science fiction define themselves by the terms used to name them. The horror story is less easily defined, perhaps because other types of fiction so often use the trappings of terror to enhance their plots. Charles Dickens used the vehicle of an oldª²fashioned ghost story to tell ¡°A Christmas Carol¡±, but that book is not a horror story. Nor does a Grimm brothers fairy tale such as ¡°Hansel and Gretel,¡±with its childª²devouring witch, belong to the genre.
    The nature of the horror story is best indicated by the title of the 1980s television series Tales from the Darkside. Hunan beings have always acknowledged that there is evil in the world and a dark side to human nature that cannot be explained except perhaps in religious terms. This evil may be imagined as having an almost unlimited power to inspire anxiety, fear, dread, and terror in addition to doing actual physical and mental harm.
    In the tale of horror quite ordinary people are confronted by something unknown and fearful, which can be neither understood nor explained in reasonable terms. It is the emphasis on the unreasonable that lies at the heart of horror stories.
    This kind of literature arose in the 18th century at the start of a movement called Romanticism. The movement was a reaction against a rational, orderly world in which humanity was basically good and everything could be explained scientifically. The literary type that inspired the horror story is Gothic ficiton, tales of evil, often set in sinister medieval surroundings. This original kind of horror fiction has persisted to the present.

63. In his novel, Edgar Allen Poe _____ .

A£®integrated the description of beauty into his horror story
B£®used a lot of typical descriptions of horror stories
C£®was universally considered as the father of horror story
D£®combined a touch of sadness in his description of horror
 
64. By saying that¡°many kinds of fiction are selfª²explanatory¡±(the first sentence of paragraph 2),the author means _____ .

A£®they are easy to understand
B£®they are meant for ordinary readers
C£®they often use horror to develop their plots
D£®their categories show what they are about
 
65. What is considered to be the most important ingredient that makes a horror story?

A£®Irrationality.
B£®Melancholy.
C£®Uncertainty.
D£®Suspension.
 
66. It is obvious that the assumption behind horror stories is that _____ .

A£®human beings are basically good
B£®mankind is evil in nature
C£®mankind can be taught to be good
D£®both A and C 
 
 

    One of the most vivid of the mythical episodes added to the history of the Celtic captain,Arthur,is that deed by which he was disclosed to be the predestined king.His father,Uther Pendragon,had died, and the powerful lords of the kingdom were all grasping for the crown.By Merlin's advice and counsel it was finally decided that the supernatural powers should be left to determine the troubled issue.Before the greatest church in London a stone had appeared in which a sword was buried and letters of gold were to be seen on the stone around the sword to the effect that the one who could draw the blade should be recognized as king.Many tried in vain.Then,at last,this unknown ,Arthur,who had been reared secretly under that guardianship of Merlin,rode up to the church and ,ignorant of the magic of his deed,pulled out the sword.
    This striking symbol of the hero's election and sacred power is derived from the prehistoric period at the close of the Age of Stone.Swords were not made until after the discovery of bronze and iron: before that time there were only spears and arrows and axes.And so, who is the one who frees the metal from the stone?The cultureª²hero:the magic smith,who released the worlds from the Stone Age and taught mankind the art of smelting bronze and iron from the ore.The hero who can draw the iron sword from the stone is not necessarily a great warrior,but always a powerful magician,a lord over spiª²ritual and material things:a seer comparable,in terms of the Iron Age,to modern inventor,chemist or engineer,who creates new weapons for his people. And just as today we live in awe and some fear of the man of science so it is only natural that the folk of that faraway other day should have thought of the one who freed for them metal from stone as the chosen master of the secrets of existence.

67. In the third sentence of paragraph 3, the¡°troubled issue¡± refers to _____ .

A.the death of the old king
B.Merlin's advice
C.the succession to the crown
D.the quarrel among the powerful lords
 
68. Before becoming the King, Arthur _____ .

A.was the first successor to the crown
B.was raised somewhere other than the court
C.was disclosed to be the predestined king
D.a Celtic captain with magic power
 
69. The second paragraph makes it clear that _____ .

A.the Arthur story reflects a historical transition in human civilization
B.Arthur story is legendary and has no realª²life basis
C.Arthur story is greatly exaggerated and unbelievable
D.Arthur story reflects people's good expectations of their leaders
 
70. According to the author,in terms of the respect he inspired,Arthur is comparable to _____ .

A.a modern hero 
B.a tribe leader
C.a modern scientist 
D.a blacksmith 
 
 

Part ¢õ Writing(15 points)
Directions:
A.Title:On Clone
B.You should write an essay based on the outline below in no less than 150 words
C.Your essay should be written clearly on Answer Sheet ¢ò
Outline:
1.What's clone?
2.Different attitudes towards clone
3.Your view on it